Friendly Elec公司的NanoPI NEO2是新一代超小型ARM計算機,比奧利奧餅干還要小,比卡片電腦還要快,采用全新64位四核A53處理器H5,內置六核Mail450 GPU,集成512M DDR3內存,可支持運行Ubuntu Core, Armbian等嵌入式操作系統.NanoPI NEO2采用了千兆以太網接口,并帶有1個標準USB接口,因此非常適合對體積要求高,數據傳輸量大,數據傳輸速度快,和更高計算性能的物聯網應用;它也是創客們發揮創意的絕佳選擇.本文介紹了Allwinner H5處理器特性,框圖,以及NanoPI NEO2超小型ARM計算機主要特性,框圖和電路圖.

The Allwinner H5 is a highly cost-efficient quad-core OTT Box processor,which is a part of growing home entertainment products that offer high-performance processing with a high degree of functional integration.

Allwinner H5處理器特性概述:

? CPU: Quad-core ARM CortexTM-A53 Processor, a power-efficient ARM v8 architecture, it has 64 and 32bit execution states for scalable high performance ,which includes a NEON multimedia processing engine.

? Graphics: The hexa-core ARM Mali450 GPU including dual Geometry Processors(GP) and quad Pixel Processors(PP), provides users with superior experience in video playback and mainstream game; OpenGL ES2.0 and OpenVG1.1 standards are supported.

? Video Engine: H5 provides multi-format high-definition video encoder/decoder with dedicated hardware, including H.265 decoder by 4K@30fps , H.264 decoder by 4K@30fps, MPEG1/2/4 decoder by 1080p@60fps, VP8/AVS jizhun decoder by 1080p@60fps, VC1 decoder by 1080p@30fps, H.264 encoder by 1080p@60fps.

? Display Subsystem: Supports DE2.0 for excellent display experience, and two display interfaces for HDMI1.4 and CVBS display.

? Memory Controller: The processor supports many types of external memory devices, including DDR3/DDR3L, NAND Flash(MLC,SLC,TLC,EF),Nor Flash, SD/SDIO/MMC including eMMC up to rev5.1.

? Security System: The processor delivers hardware security features that enable trustzone security system, Digital Rights Management(DRM) ,information encryption/decryption, secure boot, secure JTAG and secure efuse.

? Interfaces: The processor has a broad range of hardware interfaces such as parallel CMOS sensor interface, 10/100/1000Mbps EMAC with FE PHY, USB OTG v2.0 operating at high speed(480Mbps) with PHY, USB Host with PHY and a variety of other popular interfaces(SPI,UART,CIR,TSC,TWI,SCR).

Allwinner H5處理器主要特性:

CPU Architecture
??Quad-core ARM CortexTM-A53 MPCoreTM Processor
??Thumb-2 Technology
??Supports NEON Advanced SIMD(Single Instruction Multiple Data)instruction for acceleration of media and signal processing functions
??Supports Large Physical Address Extensions(LPAE)
??VFPv4 Floating Point Unit
??Independent 32KB L1 Instruction cache and 32KB L1 Data cache
??Shared 512KB L2-cache
GPU Architecture
??Hexa-core ARM Mali450 GPU
??Dual Geometry Processors with 32KB L2 cache
??Quad Pixel Processors with 128KB L2 cache
??Concurrent multi-core processing
??3000Mpix/sec and 163Mtri/sec
??Full scene over-sampled 4X anti-aliasing engine with no additional bandwidth usage
??OpenGL ES 1.1/2.0 and OpenVG 1.1 support
Memory Subsystem
Boot ROM
??On chip ROM
??Supports secure and non-secure access boot
??Supports system boot from the following devices:
- NAND Flash
- SD/TF card
- eMMC
- Nor Flash
Supports system code download through USB OTG
SDRAM
??Compatible with JEDEC standard DDR3/DDR3L SDRAM
??Supports clock frequency up to 667MHz(DDR3-1333)
??32-bit bus width
??Up to 3GB address space
??Supports 2 chip selects
??16 address signal lines and 3 bank signal lines
??Supports Memory Dynamic Frequency Scale(MDFS)
??Random read or write operation is supported
NAND Flash
??Compliant with ONFI 2.3 and Toggle 1.0
??Up to 2 flash chips
??8-bit data bus width
??Up to 64-bit ECC per 1024 bytes
??Supports 1024, 2048, 4096, 8192, 16K bytes size per page
??Supports SLC/MLC/TLC flash and EF-NAND memory
??Supports SDR, ONFI DDR and Toggle DDR NAND
??Embedded DMA to do data transfer
??Supports data transfer together with normal DMA
SMHC
??Up to 3 SD/MMC host controller(SMHC) interfaces
??Complies with eMMC standard specification V5.1, SD physical layer specification V3.0, SDIO card specification V3.0
??1-bit or 4-bit data bus transfer mode for SD/TF cards up to 50MHz in SDR mode
??1-bit or 4-bit data bus transfer mode for connecting to an external Wi-Fi module up to 150MHz in SDR mode and 50MHz in DDR mode
??1-bit ,4-bit or 8-bit data bus transfer mode for MMC cards up to 150MHz in SDR mode or 100MHz in DDR mode
??Supports block size of 1 to 65535 bytes
??Embedded special DMA to do data transfer
??Supports hardware CRC generation and error detection
System Peripherals
Timer
??2 on-chip Timers with interrupt-based operation
??1 watchdog to generate reset signal or interrupt
??Two 33-bit Audio/Video Sync(AVS) Counter to synchronize video and audio in the player
High Speed Timer
??1 High Speed Timer with 56-bit counter
??56-bit counter that can be separated to 24-bit high register and 32-bit low register
??Clock source is synchronized with AHB clock, much more accurate than other timers
RTC
??Time,calendar
??Counters second,minutes,hours,day,week,month and year with leap year generator
??Alarm:general alarm and weekly alarm
??One 32KH***anout
GIC
??Supports 16 Software Generated Interrupts(SGIs), 16 Private Peripheral Interrupts(PPIs) and 125 Shared Peripheral Interrupts(SPIs)
DMA
??Up to 12-channel DMA
??Interrupt generated for each DMA channel
??Transfers data width of 8/16/32/64-bit
??Supports linear and IO address modes
??Programs the DMA burst size
??Supports data transfer types with memory-to-memory, memory-to-peripheral, peripheral-to-memory
CCU
??9 PLLs
??Supports an external 24MHz crystal oscillator and an on-chip 16MHz RC oscillator
??Supports clock configuration and clock generated for corresponding modules
Supports software-controlled clock gating and software-controlled reset for corresponding modules
PWM
??Supports outputting two kinds of waveform: continuous waveform and pulse waveform
??0% to 100% adjustable duty cycle
??Up to 24MHz output frequency
Thermal Sensor
??Temperature Accuracy : ±3℃ from 0℃ to +100℃, ±5℃ from -20℃ to +125℃
??Supports over-temperature protection interrupt and over-temperature alarm interrupt
??Averaging filter for thermal sensor reading
??2 temperature-sensing cell embedded :sensor0 for CPU,sensor1 for GPU
KEYADC
??Analog to digital converter with 6-bit resolution for key application
??Maximum sampling frequency up to 250 Hz
??Supports general key, hold key and already hold key
??Supports single , normal and continuous work mode
Message Box
??Two users for Message Box instance
??Eight Message Queues for the MSGBox instance
??Each of Queues could be configured as transmitter or receiver for user
??Two interrupts for the MSGBox instance
??Register polling for the MSGBox instance
??32-bit message width
??Four-message FIFO depth for each message queue
Spinlock
??32 spinlocks
??Two kinds of status of lock register: TAKEN and NOT TAKEN
Crypto Engine(CE)
??Supports symmetrical algorithm: AES, DES, TDES
??Supports hash algorithm:SHA-1/SHA-224/SHA-256,MD5,HMAC
??Supports 160-bit hardware PRNG with 175-bit seed
??Supports 256-bit TRNG
??Supports ECB,CBC, CTR, CTS modes for AES
??Supports ECB, CBC, CTR modes for DES
??Supports ECB, CBC, CTR modes for TDES
??128-bit, 192-bit and 256-bit key size for AES
??Embedded special DMA to do data transfer
Security ID(SID)
??Supports 2K-bit EFUSE for chip ID and security application
CPU Configuration
??Configure related CPU parameters, including power on, reset, cache, debug, and check the status of CPU
??One 64-bit common counter
Display Subsystem
DE2.0
??Output size up to 4096x4096
??Supports four alpha blending channel for main display, two channel for aux display
??Supports four overlay layers in each channel, and has a independent scaler
??Supports potter-duff compatible blending operation
??Supports input format YUV422/YUV420/YUV411/ARGB8888/XRGB8888/RGB888/ARGB4444/ARGB1555 and RGB565
??Supports Frame Packing/Top-and-Bottom/Side-by-Side Full/Side-by-Side Half 3D format data
??Supports SmartColor 2.0 for excellent display experience
- Adaptive edge sharping
- Adaptive color enhancement
- Adaptive contrast enhancement and fresh tone rectify
??Supports writeback for high efficient dual display
Display Output
??Supports HDMI V1.4 output up to 4K@30fps
- Compatible with HDMI 1.4 specification
- Compatible with HDCP 1.2 for HDMI
- Supports EDID block read by DDC
- Supports HPD
- Integrated CEC hardware
- Supports TMDS clock from 27MHz to 297MHz
- Supports RGB888,YUV444 video formats with only 8bit color depth
4K@30Hz
1920 x 1080p@50/60Hz
1920 x 1080p@24Hz
1920 x 1080i@50/60Hz
1280 x 720p@50/60Hz
720 x 480p@60Hz
720 x 576p@50Hz
3D Frame Packing 1920 x 1080p@24Hz
- Supports L-PCM audio format
Up to 192KHz IEC-60958 audio sampling rate
Maximum 24bit, 8 channel
- Supports IEC-61937 compressed audio format
??Supports TV CVBS output
- Standard NTSC-M and PAL-B,D,G,H,I output
- Plug status auto detecting
Video Engine
Video Decoder
??Supports multi-format video playback, including:
- H.265 MP/L5.0: 4K@30fps
- H.264 BP/MP/HP Level4.2: 4K@30fps
- H.263 BP: 1080p@60fps
- MPEG1 MP/HL: 1080p@60fps
- MPEG2 MP/HL: 1080p@60fps
- MPEG4 SP/ASP L5: 1080p@60fps
- Sorenson Spark: 1080p@60fps
- VP8 N/A: 1080p@60fps
- VC1 SP/MP/AP: 1080p@30fps
- AVS/AVS+ jizhun: 1080p@60fps
- xvid N/A: 1080p@60fps
- MJPEG: 1080p@30fps
??Supports 1080p blu-ray 3D
??Supports 3D size:3840x1080,1920x2160
??Supports decoding output format:YV12
Video Encoder
??Supports H.264 video encoder up to 1080p@60fps
??Supports input picture size up to 4800x4800
??Supports input format: tiled (128x32)/YU12/YV12/NU12/NV12/ARGB/YUYV
??Supports Alpha blending
??Supports thumb generation
??Supports 4x2 scaling ratio: from 1/16 to 64 arbitrary non-integer ratio
??Supports rotated input
Image Subsystem
CSI
??Supports 8-bit YUV422 CMOS sensor interface
??Supports CCIR656 protocol for NTSC and PAL
??Up to 5M pixel camera sensor
??Supports video capture resolution up to 1080p@30fps
Audio Subsystem
Audio Codec
??Two audio digital-to-analog(DAC) channels
- 100 ± 3 dB SNR@A-weight
- Supports ADC sample rate from 8 KHz to 192 KHz
??Two audio analog-to-digital(ADC) channels
- 93 ± 3 dB SNR@A-weight
- Supports ADC sample rate from 8 KHz to 48 KHz
??Supports analog/ digital volume control
??Supports Dynamic Range Controller(DRC) adjusting the DAC playback output
??Supports Dynamic Range Control(DRC) adjusting the ADC recording input
??Three audio inputs:
- Two differential microphone inputs
- One stereo Line-in L/R channel input
??One audio output: Stereo line-out L/R channel output
I2S/PCM
??2 I2S/PCM controllers
??Compliant with standard Inter-IC sound(I2S) bus specification
??Compliant with left-justified, right-justified, PCM mode, and TDM(Time Division Multiplexing) format
??Supports 8-channel in TDM mode
??Full-duplex synchronous work mode
??Mater and slave mode configured
??Clock up to 100 MHz
??Adjustable audio sample resolution from 8-bit to 32-bit
??Sample rate from 8 KHz to 192 KHz
??Supports 8-bit u-law and 8-bit A-law companded sample
??Supports programmable PCM frame width:1 BCLK width(short frame) and 2 BCLKs width(long frame)
??One 128 depth x 32-bit width FIFO for data transmit, one 64 depth x 32-bit width FIFO for data receive
??Programmable FIFO thresholds
One Wire Audio(OWA)
??IEC-60958 transmitter functionality
??Compliance with S/PDIF Interface
??Supports channel status insertion for the transmitter
??Hardware parity generation on the transmitter
??One 32×24 bits FIFO (TX) for audio data transfer
??Programmable FIFO thresholds
External Peripherals
USB
??One USB 2.0 OTG,with integrated USB PHY
- Complies with USB2.0 Specification
- Supports High-Speed (HS,480Mbps),Full-Speed(FS,12Mbps) and Low-Speed(LS,1.5Mbps) in host mode
- Complies with Enhanced Host Controller Interface(EHCI)Specification, Version 1.0, and the Open Host Controller Interface(OHCI) Specification, Version 1.0a for host mode
- Up to 8 User-Configurable Endpoints in device mode
- Supports point-to-point and point-to-multipoint transfer in both host and peripheral mode
??Three USB Host, with integrated USB PHY
- Complies with Enhanced Host Controller Interface(EHCI)Specification, Version 1.0, and the Open Host Controller Interface(OHCI) Specification, Version 1.0a.
Ethernet
??Integrated an internal 10/100M PHY
??Supports 10/100/1000Mbps data transfer rate
??Supports MII/RGMII/RMII interface
??Supports full-duplex and half-duplex operation
??Programmable frame length
??Automatic CRC and pad generation controllable on a per-frame basis
??Options for Automatic Pad/CRC Stripping on receive frames
??Programmable frame length to support Standard or Jumbo Ethernet frames with sizes up to 16 KB
??Programmable Inter Frame Gap (40-96 bit times in steps of 8)
??Supports a variety of flexible address filtering modes
CIR
??A flexible receiver for IR remote
??Programmable FIFO threshold
UART
??Up to 5 UART controllers, one UART for CPUx debug, one UART for CPUs debug, others for UART applications
??UART0: 2-wire; UART1/2/3: 4-wire; S_UART: 2-wire
??Compliant with industry-standard 16450 and 16550 UARTs
??Supports word length from 5 to 8 bits, an optional parity bit and 1,1.5 or 2 stop bits
??Programmable parity(even, odd and no parity)
??64-byte Transmit and receive data FIFOs for all UART
SPI
??Up to 2 SPI controllers
??Full-duplex synchronous serial interface
??Master/Slave configurable
??Mode0~3 are supported for both transmit and receive operations
??Two 64-byte FIFO for SPI-TX and SPI-RX operation
??DMA-based or interrupt-based operation supported
??Polarity and phase of the chip select(SPI_SS) and SPI_Clock(SPI_SCLK) are configurable
??The maximum frequency is 100MHz
??Supports single and dual read mode
TWI
??Up to 4 TWI(Two Wire Interface) controllers
??Supports Standard mode(up to 100K bps) and Fast mode(up to 400K bps)
??Master/Slave configurable
??Allows 10-bit addressing transactions
??Perform arbitration and clock synchronization
??Allows operation from a wide range of input clock frequencies
TSC
??Up to 4 TSC(Transport Stream Controller)
??Compliant with the industry-standard AMBA Host Bus(AHB) Specification, Revision 2.0.Supports 32-bit Little Endian bus
??Supports DVB-CSA V1.1 Descrambler
??One external Synchronous Parallel Interface(SPI) or one external Synchronous Serial Interface(SSI)
??Configurable SPI and SSI timing parameters
??Hardware packet synchronous byte error detecting
??Hardware PCR packet detecting
SCR
??Up to 2 SCR(Smart Card Reader) controllers
??Supports APB slave interface for easy integration with AMBA-based host systems
??Supports the ISO/IEC 7816-3:1997(E) and EMV2000 (4.0) Specifications
??Supports adjustable clock rate and bit rate
??Configurable automatic byte repetition
??Supports asynchronous half-duplex character transmission and block transmission
??Supports synchronous and any other non-ISO 7816 and non-EMV cards
??Performs functions needed for complete smart card sessions, including:
- Card activation and deactivation
- Cold/warm reset
- Answer to Reset (ATR) response reception
- Data transfers to and from the card
Package
??FBGA 347 balls, 0.65mm ball pitch, 14mm x 14mm

圖1.Allwinner H5處理器框圖

NanoPI NEO2是友善之臂團隊(Friendly Elec)推出的全新一代超小型ARM計算機，它采用全志64位四核A53處理器H5, 內置六核Mail450 GPU, 集成512M DDR3內存，可支持運行Ubuntu Core，Armbian等嵌入式操作系統。NEO2依然小巧精致，尺寸如一，并且和第一代NEO接口兼容。

更為驚人的是，在極其有限的空間里，NEO2采用了千兆以太網接口，并帶有1個標準USB接口，因此非常適合對體積要求高，數據傳輸量大，數據傳輸速度快，和更高計算性能的物聯網應用；它也是創客、高端極客們發揮創意的絕佳選擇。

NanoPI NEO2超小型ARM計算機主要特性:

The NanoPI NEO2 is a newly released super tiny ARM board by FriendlyElec. It uses Allwinner’s 64-bit H5 quad-core SoC (ARM Cortex-A53). It has internal hexa-core Mail450 GPU, 512M DDR3 RAM. AUbuntuCore and Armbian image files are ready for it.

The NanoPi NEO2 inherits NEO’s form factor and has compatible interfaces and ports with NEO. In addition in such a small dimension it has Gbps Ethernet and one USB host port. These features make it especially suitable for applications that require high data throughput , speedy data transmission and high performance. Hobbyists and makers will just love it.

硬件指標:

CPU: Allwinner H5, Quad-core 64-bit high-performance Cortex A53
DDR3 RAM: 512MB
網絡：10/100/1000M 以太網口, 采用RTL8211E-VB-CG網絡傳輸芯片
USB Host: 3路，其中1路為標準A型口，另外2路位于GPIO2
MicroSD Slot:1個, 支持啟動和存儲系統
指示燈: 2個, 分別用于電源, 和系統狀態(藍色)
GPIO1: 24pin, 2.54mm間距雙排針,兼容樹莓派GPIO之管腳1-24，含UART, SPI, i2c, IO等管腳資源
GPIO2: 12pin, 2.54mm間距雙排針, 含USB, 紅外接收, I2S, IO等管腳資源
調試串口: 4Pin, 2.54mm間距單排針
音頻輸入和輸出: 5Pin, 2.0mm間距單排針
PCB Size: 40 x 40mm
MicroUSB: 供電(5V/2A)，并具備OTG功能
OS/Software: u-boot,Ubuntu Core
Weight: 13g(WITHOUT Pin-headers)
CPU: Allwinner H5, Quad-core 64-bit high-performance Cortex A53
DDR3 RAM: 512MB
Connectivity: 10/100/1000M Ethernet, RTL8211E-VB-CG chip
USB Host: USB Type A x 1 and USB pin header x 2
MicroSD Slot: MicroSD x 1 for system boot and storage
LED: Power LED x 1, System LED(Blue) x 1
GPIO1: 2.54mm pitch 24 pin-header, compatible with Raspberry Pi’s GPIO pin1 - pin 24. It includes UART, SPI, I2C, IO etc
GPIO2: 2.54mm pitch 12 pin-header. It includes USB, IR receiver, I2S, IO etc
Serial Debug Port: 2.54mm pitch 4pin-header
Audio In/Out: 2.0mm pitch 5 pin-header
MicroUSB: Power input(5V/2A) and OTG
PCB Dimension: 40 x 40mm
Working Temperature: -30℃ to 70℃
Weight: 13g(WITHOUT Pin-headers)
OS/Software: u-boot,Ubuntu Core

軟件特性:

uboot
mainlineuboot released on May 2017
UbuntuCore 16.04
64-bit system
mainline kernel: Linux-4.11.2
rpi-monitor: check system status and information
npi-config: system configuration utility for setting passwords, language, timezone, hostname, SSH and auto-login,and enabling/disabling i2c, spi, serial and PWM. When enabling PWM it will prompt that Serial debug port will be disabled.
software utility: wiringNP to access GPIO pins
software utility: RPi.GPIO_NP to access GPIO pins
networkmanager: manage network
system log output from serial port
supports USB WiFi module: refer to #Connect USB WiFi to NEO
supports audio recording and playing with 3.5mm audio jack
supports I2C 0/1
fixed MAC address
Ubuntu OLED
mainline kernel: Linux-4.11.2
supportsFriendlyElec’s OLED module

圖2.NanoPI NEO2超小型ARM計算機外形圖

圖3.NanoPI NEO2超小型ARM計算機框圖

圖4.NanoPI NEO2超小型ARM計算機電路圖(1)

圖5.NanoPI NEO2超小型ARM計算機電路圖(2)

圖6.NanoPI NEO2超小型ARM計算機電路圖(3)

圖7.NanoPI NEO2超小型ARM計算機電路圖(4)

圖8.NanoPI NEO2超小型ARM計算機電路圖(5)

圖9.NanoPI NEO2超小型ARM計算機電路圖(6)

圖10.NanoPI NEO2超小型ARM計算機電路圖(7)

圖11.NanoPI NEO2超小型ARM計算機電路圖(8)

圖12.NanoPI NEO2超小型ARM計算機電路圖(9)

圖13.NanoPI NEO2超小型ARM計算機電路圖(10)