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本篇主要講解從機數據的接收流程。接收流程分為兩個階段：串口中斷接收和數據解析。
第二階段：數據解析eMBPoll( )。
一、串口中斷接收
從機正常狀態下，串口設置為接收中斷模式，也不啟動定時器。當檢測到有數據時，中斷函數調用xMBRTUReceiveFSM（）函數，通過該函數中的ucRTUBuf數組存儲接收幀，用usRcvBufferPos存儲數據幀長度。具體函數：
1、中斷接收函數。
void UART1_IRQ(void)
{
IF(USART_GetITStatus(USART1,USART_IT_TXE))
{
pxMBFrameCBTransmitterEmpty( );
}
else if(USART_GetITStatus(USART1,USART_IT_RXNE))//接收中斷
{
pxMBFrameCBByteReceived( );//pxMBFrameCBByteReceived = xMBRTUReceiveFSM;
}
}
2、xMBRTUReceiveFSM（）函數。RTU接收狀態函數。只要進人該函數，就會啟動定時器中斷。
從機的接收狀態：
（１）STATE_RX_INIT（協議棧初始化）；
（2）STATE_RX_ERROR（接收錯誤）；
（3）STATE_RX_IDLE（接收空閑，接收幀頭，常用）；
（4）STATE_RX_RCV（接收所有數據，常用）。
注意：接收數據時，只要接收到數據，定時器就會清零，重新計數。
BOOL
xMBRTUReceiveFSM( void )
{
BOOL xTaskNeedSwitch = FALSE;
UCHAR ucByte;
assert( eSndState == STATE_TX_IDLE );
( void )xMBPortSerialGetByte( ( CHAR * ) & ucByte );
switch ( eRcvState )
{
/* If we have received a character in the init state we have to
*/
case STATE_RX_INIT:
vMBPortTimersEnable( );
break;
/* In the error state we wait until all characters in the
* damaged frame are transmitted.
*/
case STATE_RX_ERROR:
vMBPortTimersEnable( );
break;
/* In the idle state we wait for a new character. If a character
* is received the t1.5 and t3.5 timers are started and the
* receiver is in the state STATE_RX_RECEIVCE.
*/
case STATE_RX_IDLE:
usRcvBufferPos = 0;
ucRTUBuf[usRcvBufferPos++] = ucByte;
eRcvState = STATE_RX_RCV;
/* Enable t3.5 timers. */
vMBPortTimersEnable( );
break;
/* We are currently receiving a frame. Reset the timer after
* every character received. If more than the maximum possible
* number of bytes in a modbus frame is received the frame is
* ignored.
*/
case STATE_RX_RCV:
if( usRcvBufferPos < MB_SER_PDU_SIZE_MAX )
{
ucRTUBuf[usRcvBufferPos++] = ucByte;
}
else
{
eRcvState = STATE_RX_ERROR;
}
vMBPortTimersEnable( );
break;
}
return xTaskNeedSwitch;
}
二、數據解析
涉及到的函數 eMBPoll、eMBRTUReceive和xFuncHandlers[i]是結構體數組。
1、eMBPoll函數。eMBPoll函數調用eMBRTUReceive和xFuncHandlers[i]結構體數組。
eMBErrorCode
eMBPoll( void )
{
static UCHAR *ucMBFrame;
static UCHAR ucRcvAddress;
static UCHAR ucFunctionCode;
static USHORT usLength;
static eMBException eException;
int i;
eMBErrorCode eStatus = MB_ENOERR;
eMBEventType eEvent;
/* Check if the protocol stack is ready. */
if( eMBState != STATE_ENABLED )
{
return MB_EILLSTATE;
}
/* Check if there is a event available. If not return control to caller.
* Otherwise we will handle the event. */
if( xMBPortEventGet( &eEvent ) == TRUE )
{
switch ( eEvent )
{
case EV_READY:
break;
case EV_FRAME_RECEIVED:
eStatus = peMBFrameReceiveCur( &ucRcvAddress, &ucMBFrame, &usLength );
if( eStatus == MB_ENOERR )
{
/* Check if the frame is for us. If not ignore the frame. */
if( ( ucRcvAddress == ucMBAddress ) || ( ucRcvAddress == MB_ADDRESS_BROADCAST ) )
{
( void )xMBPortEventPost( EV_EXECUTE );
}
}
break;
case EV_EXECUTE:
ucFunctionCode = ucMBFrame[MB_PDU_FUNC_OFF];//把接收的數據傳遞給ucFunctionCode
eException = MB_EX_ILLEGAL_FUNCTION;
for( i = 0; i < MB_FUNC_HANDLERS_MAX; i++ )
{
/* No more function handlers registered. Abort. */
if( xFuncHandlers[i].ucFunctionCode == 0 )
{
break;
}
else if( xFuncHandlers[i].ucFunctionCode == ucFunctionCode )//查詢匹配的功能碼，
{
eException = xFuncHandlers[i].pxHandler( ucMBFrame, &usLength );//調用相應的功能函數
break;
}
}
/* If the request was not sent to the broadcast address we
* return a reply. */
if( ucRcvAddress != MB_ADDRESS_BROADCAST )
{
if( eException != MB_EX_NONE )//如果接收有問題
{
/* An exception occured. Build an error frame. */
usLength = 0;
ucMBFrame[usLength++] = ( UCHAR )( ucFunctionCode | MB_FUNC_ERROR );//功能碼與0x80或之后的為 //異常碼
ucMBFrame[usLength++] = eException;//非法功能代碼
}
if( ( eMBCurrentMode == MB_ASCII ) && MB_ASCII_TIMEOUT_WAIT_BEFORE_SEND_MS )
{
vMBPortTimersDelay( MB_ASCII_TIMEOUT_WAIT_BEFORE_SEND_MS );
}
eStatus = peMBFrameSendCur( ucMBAddress, ucMBFrame, usLength );//發送數據
}
break;
case EV_FRAME_SENT:
break;
}
}
return MB_ENOERR;
}
2、peMBFrameReceiveCur（） //數據幀接收函數指針
3、主要講一下xFuncHandlers[i]，它是結構體數組，存放的是功能碼以及對應的報文解析函數。
typedef struct { UCHAR ucFunctionCode; pxMBFunctionHandler pxHandler; } xMBFunctionHandler;
static xMBFunctionHandler xFuncHandlers[MB_FUNC_HANDLERS_MAX] = {
#if MB_FUNC_OTHER_REP_SLAVEID_ENABLED > 0
{MB_FUNC_OTHER_REPORT_SLAVEID, eMBFuncReportSlaveID},
#endif
#if MB_FUNC_READ_INPUT_ENABLED > 0
{MB_FUNC_READ_INPUT_REGISTER, eMBFuncReadInputRegister},
#endif
#if MB_FUNC_READ_HOLDING_ENABLED > 0
{MB_FUNC_READ_HOLDING_REGISTER, eMBFuncReadHoldingRegister},
#endif
#if MB_FUNC_WRITE_MULTIPLE_HOLDING_ENABLED > 0
{MB_FUNC_WRITE_MULTIPLE_REGISTERS, eMBFuncWriteMultipleHoldingRegister},
#endif
#if MB_FUNC_WRITE_HOLDING_ENABLED > 0
{MB_FUNC_WRITE_REGISTER, eMBFuncWriteHoldingRegister},
#endif
#if MB_FUNC_READWRITE_HOLDING_ENABLED > 0
{MB_FUNC_READWRITE_MULTIPLE_REGISTERS, eMBFuncReadWriteMultipleHoldingRegister},
#endif
#if MB_FUNC_READ_COILS_ENABLED > 0
{MB_FUNC_READ_COILS, eMBFuncReadCoils},
#endif
#if MB_FUNC_WRITE_COIL_ENABLED > 0
{MB_FUNC_WRITE_SINGLE_COIL, eMBFuncWriteCoil},
#endif
#if MB_FUNC_WRITE_MULTIPLE_COILS_ENABLED > 0
{MB_FUNC_WRITE_MULTIPLE_COILS, eMBFuncWriteMultipleCoils},
#endif
#if MB_FUNC_READ_DISCRETE_INPUTS_ENABLED > 0
{MB_FUNC_READ_DISCRETE_INPUTS, eMBFuncReadDiscreteInputs},
#endif
};
以功能碼04為例，讀取輸入寄存器。
eMBException
eMBFuncReadInputRegister( UCHAR * pucFrame, USHORT * usLen )
{
USHORT usRegAddress;
USHORT usRegCount;
UCHAR *pucFrameCur;
eMBException eStatus = MB_EX_NONE;
eMBErrorCode eRegStatus;
if( *usLen == ( MB_PDU_FUNC_READ_SIZE + MB_PDU_SIZE_MIN ) )//計算幀長度，除了地址位和兩位的crc校驗位
{
usRegAddress = ( USHORT )( pucFrame[MB_PDU_FUNC_READ_ADDR_OFF] << 8 );//讀取寄存器的首地址
usRegAddress |= ( USHORT )( pucFrame[MB_PDU_FUNC_READ_ADDR_OFF + 1] );
usRegAddress++;
usRegCount = ( USHORT )( pucFrame[MB_PDU_FUNC_READ_REGCNT_OFF] << 8 );//計算讀取寄存器的長度
usRegCount |= ( USHORT )( pucFrame[MB_PDU_FUNC_READ_REGCNT_OFF + 1] );
/* Check if the number of registers to read is valid. If not
* return Modbus illegal data value exception.
*/
if( ( usRegCount >= 1 )
&& ( usRegCount < MB_PDU_FUNC_READ_REGCNT_MAX ) )//讀取寄存器的長度不越界
{
/* Set the current PDU data pointer to the beginning. */
pucFrameCur = &pucFrame[MB_PDU_FUNC_OFF];//把數據幀賦值給pucFrameCur
*usLen = MB_PDU_FUNC_OFF;
/* First byte contains the function code. */
*pucFrameCur++ = MB_FUNC_READ_INPUT_REGISTER;//
*usLen += 1;
/* Second byte in the response contain the number of bytes. */
*pucFrameCur++ = ( UCHAR )( usRegCount * 2 );
*usLen += 1;
eRegStatus =
eMBRegInputCB( pucFrameCur, usRegAddress, usRegCount );
/* If an error occured convert it into a Modbus exception. */
if( eRegStatus != MB_ENOERR )
{
eStatus = prveMBError2Exception( eRegStatus );
}
else
{
*usLen += usRegCount * 2;
}
}
else
{
eStatus = MB_EX_ILLEGAL_DATA_VALUE;
}
}
else
{
/* Can't be a valid read input register request because the length
* is incorrect. */
eStatus = MB_EX_ILLEGAL_DATA_VALUE;
}
return eStatus;
}
eMBErrorCode
eMBRegInputCB( UCHAR * pucRegBuffer, USHORT usAddress, USHORT usNRegs )
{
eMBErrorCode eStatus = MB_ENOERR;
int iRegIndex;
if( ( usAddress >= REG_INPUT_START )
&& ( usAddress + usNRegs <= REG_INPUT_START + REG_INPUT_NREGS ) )
{
iRegIndex = ( int )( usAddress - REG_INPUT_START );
while( usNRegs > 0 )
{
*pucRegBuffer++ =
( unsigned char )( usRegInputBuf[iRegIndex] >> 8 );
*pucRegBuffer++ =
( unsigned char )( usRegInputBuf[iRegIndex] & 0xFF );
iRegIndex++;
usNRegs--;
}
}
else
{
eStatus = MB_ENOREG;
}
return eStatus;
}
以上就是整個接收數據、解析數據的過程。
來源：csdn博客 蕭年已逝；在此特別鳴謝！
來源：csdn博客 蕭年已逝；在此特別鳴謝！
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